Frozen Food Business in Bangladesh Free Essays

string(72) first to tackle the intensity of freezing nourishments past the winter months. Conceptual This paper is a survey of Bangladeshi Frozen Food Business. Solidified Foods in Bangladesh envelop from fishes to prepared to-cook nourishments. In any case, fishes and shrimps are sent out and create remote trades for Bangladesh, though, the semi-handled nourishments are imported and delivered locally. We will compose a custom exposition test on Solidified Food Business in Bangladesh or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In reality, it is a potential business where provincial individuals can be profited by putting away little measure of cash, and delivering and satisfying the rise need in the market. This paper moreover worries on the imperatives of business, for example, absence of appropriately prepared individuals, solid rivalry for the home made handled nourishments. In this way, this paper recognizes new degree for the development and advancement of this portion. Since this portion has got little concerns, we trust that this paper would meet the prerequisites for the advancement of the solidified food business and help the base for additional exploration on this fragment. Presentation Though Bangladesh is an agrarian based nation, its aquaculture is creating and adding to the fare of the nation. Truth be told, the solidified food is one of biggest supporter of the remote trade income and involves fourth situation among the fare things as far as all out fare profit (Bureau of Statistics, 2004). In Bangladesh, solidified food incorporates shrimp and fish, and shrimp adds to most of income from the solidified food. Notwithstanding, as of late, the solidified food business has gotten broadened, and conventional contemplating it has additionally changed. In Bangladesh, it has been creating dependent on the fishery alongside prepared meat and chicken. In fact, in Bangladesh, new pattern in the solidified food business is rising peacefully, which is semi or completely arranged food in retail outlets. Be that as it may, lamentably, there isn't a lot of research chip away at this fragment of solidified food business done, which is creating and growing another imaginative idea in the vacuum space of solidified food business. Truth be told, this turn of events and its arrangement suggestions have gotten little consideration in the writing on send out drove industrialization in creating nations (Athukorala Sen, 1996). Along these lines, for our exploration work, we are concentrating on handled solidified food found in the retail outlets, and expectation that this work would help for the further improvement of this fragment in solidified food business in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, fishes, shrimps and prawns are sent out as solidified food to different pieces of the world. The solidified fish segment is blasting by sending out. Profit from this region are expanding and can possibly build more. The estimation of these fares in 1996-97 was US$342. 26 millions (Bureau of Statistics, 1997). In any case, the shrimp belt of Bangladesh is consistently the subject of discussions on law, request, security and creation procedure and food quality and ecological issues. All things considered, in 1997, the European Union (EU) forced a prohibition on Bangladesh’s solidified food sends out after an EU assessment group report denounced shrimp preparing plants in Khulna and Chittagong for their inability to consent to EU quality control guidelines (http://www. ifpri. organization). In any case, the plan of concern is with the semi or completely arranged solidified food that is a developing business sector in Bangladesh. These food things have been marketed as of late under organization names like Bombay Sweets, Rich and Aftab. Furthermore, there are different worries that flexibly with this kind of solidified food and they are called natively constructed things. The scope of solidified food can contain arranged or semi-arranged food like parathas, pizza, franks, samucha, slashes, shami kabab, puri, pieces, and a lot increasingly impeccable indulgences. The expanding interest for these kinds of items has offered ascend to residential creation of these food things, while, a few years back everything was imported (Personal Interview, Nandon). Inception of the Study Basically solidified food can be a prepared or semi-handled food that is kept in cooler to safeguard it for sometime in the future. Anyway a superior clarification may incorporate, Frozen food will be food protected by the way toward freezing. Freezing food is a typical strategy for food safeguarding which eases back both food rot and, by going water to ice, makes it inaccessible for bacterial development and hinders most compound responses (http://www. wikipedia. com). Also, the condition required to keep solidified food is diifferent. Nourishments might be protected for a while by freezing. Long haul freezing requires a consistent temperature of - 18  °C (0 degrees Fahrenheit) or less. A few coolers can't accomplish such a low temperature. The time food can be kept in the cooler is decreased significantly if the temperature in a cooler changes. Changes could happen by a little hole in the cooler entryway or including a lot of unfrozen food. An exceptional sort of cooler is required to continually cool the food and thusly the surface of the food continues as before (http://www. wikipedia. com). Food protected by freezing or safeguarded by the way toward freezing, is named as solidified food. Protecting food by freezing is a broad technique for safeguarding as it eases back both food rots. It occurs by going water to ice, which makes it inaccessible for bacterial increase and hinders most synthetic responses. It is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to develop or deliver a wide range of food consistently or wherever around the globe. The requirement for capacity and keeping food new for an extensive stretch of time emerges to make them accessible in all season and all over the place. It is the gift of science that now it is conceivable to keep food solidified for our advancement. Today, solidified food items are making our unglued ways of life appear to be somewhat simpler better. Truth be told, effectively advancing and adjusting to the requirements of purchasers, solidified nourishments have been around much longer than we might suspect (http://www. reference. com). History of Commercialization of Frozen Food Business The solidified food industry that we see today can be followed back to quite a long while back to the past. Clearly, the presence of solidified food has consistently been on earth; in atmospheres that were cold enough for the food to freeze. The Chinese were the first to saddle the intensity of freezing nourishments past the winter months. You read Solidified Food Business in Bangladesh in classification Food Later, the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians and Indians additionally found that (http://www. fraweb. organization). Despite the fact that ice-refrigerated railroad vehicles permitted short-lived food items to be dispatched as ahead of schedule as the 1860s, significant advancements in refrigeration building after World War II brought forth the so lidified food industry. Researchers likewise created strategies to control the maturing of organic products, vegetables, and different perishables that further broadened timeframe of realistic usability. Advances in transportation came especially quick †steamships in the mid-1800s, railways and refrigerated trucks nineteenth century †and joined with falling oil costs to significantly lessen the expense of delivery food. It presently costs 70 percent less to send load via ocean, and 50 percent less to dispatch via air, than it completed 20 years prior. Besides, creation of solidified squeezed orange fixation and fake natural food things likewise cause the purchasers situated in various topographical region to appreciate occasional new nourishments whenever season (Halweil, 2002). With the course of time, numerous individuals created inventive procedures of food-freezing, including Enoch Piper, William Davis, and Daniel E. Somes. In any case, Clarence Birdseye (1886 †1956), an American taxidermist in terms of professional career, is credited for his snappy freezing strategy that he designed in 1924 (http://www. oc. gov) and thought about the dad of the solidified food industry. He created, created, and popularized a technique for brisk freezing food items in helpful bundles and without adjusting the first taste (http://www. wikipedia. com). Before the speedy freezing procedure went along, nourish ments were solidified at a genuinely moderate rate, making the nourishments free their taste and surface. In any case, Birdseye hypothesized that food must be solidified rapidly with the goal that its taste and surface can be kept up. His hypothesis secured the bundling, kind of paper utilized, and related developments alongside the ‘freezing technique’. Truth be told, this fast freezing process really wound up making 168 licenses (http://www. loc. gov). The advanced solidified food industry was brought into the world more than 70 years back, in 1930, when solidified nourishments were being exchanged monetarily (http://www. nfraweb. organization). Goals of the Study This investigation endeavors to recognize the present state of solidified food business in Bangladesh, particularly the semi-prepared food portion of solidified food. Hence, our plan centers around the semi-prepared food found in the retail outlet. Along these lines, this investigation will distinguish the future point of view of the solidified food business, space of development, work opportunity and extent of creating solidified food business nation wide to build up the market and fare for outside profit. Centrality of the Study As we have seen from the previous fragment, solidified food business has gotten significant for Bangladesh because of its capacity of outside income and work opportunity in this area. In any case, the semi-handled food fragment in the solidified food lacks any consideration; subsequently no legitimate research work is accessible. Thusly, we trust our investigation would help the solidified food segment as it would uncover the future point of view of the solidified food business and build up the thoughts on what the business visionaries and government ought to accomplish for the turn of events and extension of this specific section the. Technique To set up the report, we will go for enormous research on the solidified food business all through the semester. The investigation is chiefly founded on auxiliary information a

US and UK Political Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US and UK Political Systems - Assignment Example Realities are difficult things; and whatever might be our desires, our tendencies or directs of our interests, they can't adjust the condition of realities and evidence†-John Adams To begin with, there are three pieces of the UK; Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, each having a unique status and neighborhood organization with a wide range of duties anyway England which speaks to the 84% of the complete UK populace doesn't have any local government when contrasted with the US where each state has its own nearby government subsequently the British political framework doesn't have anything proportionate to the administrative arrangement of the US. Furthermore, the most significant idea is that of division of forces which obviously recognizes the US and UK government. In the US the constitution involves that three arms (the official, the governing body and the legal executive) must be totally and carefully autonomous and apathetic from one another for example the president (leader of the official) can't be the individual from the Congress however in the UK it is the direct inverse. The British political framework is down to earth and adaptable since the three ar ms of the legislature are effectively diffusible. The most striking difference between the two frameworks is the nonattendance of a composed constitution in the UK. While in the US like different countries of the world, the constitution makes an indispensable piece of the government while British political framework depends vigorously on the judgment of lawmakers, official, legal executive and law mediators. The Britain parliament has a bicameral structure which comprises of British House of Commons and the House of Lords; the last is the upper chamber with far less authority than the previous, it can't veto a choice passed by the British House of Commons. This two-house law detailing and endorsement course of action is a result of a thousand years in length gradually developed British Political framework. Presently when we contrast it and the US, we notice that the US legislative issues is overwhelmed by two ideological groups; the popularity based and the Republicans, (what might be compared to these are the Labor and the Conservative gatherings).

Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips

Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips Save More Money With These 40 Expert Tips Save More Money With These 40 Expert TipsWhether youre using multiple savings accounts or a simple change jar, there are plenty of ways you can save more money and protect yourself from financial uncertainty.Saving money isn’t easy, especially if you don’t have a solid strategy. That’s why we reached out to a whole bunch of personal finance experts and came away with these 40 great tips with us to help you save more by saving smarter.1. Create a budget.Matt Dworetsky, President of  Dworetsky Financial in Wall Township, New Jersey:“Creating a budget is one of the first steps a person should take to save money. If you don’t know what you’re spending your money on, it’s harder to save. Creating a spending plan allows you to see how much money you have coming in and plan how and where you will spend it. Following your budget will guarantee that you are able to pay your bills each month and have enough left over to go towards savings or repaying debt.2. Track your spending.S tephanie Hammell, MBA,  an investment advisor with  LPL Financial:“Start with a money tracker like Mint: Money, Bill Pay, Credit Score Investing that will help track your historical habits with money and spending, which can help lead to better planning for the future.“The main goal will be to identify what you need to be focusing on. Then plan to deploy assets, resources,  and energy to get to where you want to be. Determine where you are willing to make sacrifices in your purchases for gains in other objectives.  â€3. Set a goal.Keina Newell, founder of  Wealth Over Now (@wealthovernow) financial coaching and education:“Define how much you want to save and what youre saving for and how soon you want to save the specific amount.  For example, I want to save $1000 in the next 12 months to start an emergency fund.“Now, do the math to see how much you would need to save monthly (1000/12=83) Now you know you need to save $83 a month or about $21 a week.  Making a goal that i s specific and time-bound provides you with increased clarity and confidence.”4. Cut out any unnecessary spending.Hanna Horvath, personal finance reporter at  Policygenius  (@policygenius):“Once you’ve outlined your spending in your budgeting sheet, you’ll be able to see where you can cut back. For example, you might see you’re paying for cable when you only use online streaming services or you keep paying for that gym membership you never really use.“Perhaps you’re still getting hit with a charge for an online magazine subscription you stopped reading months ago. Canceling these services will help you cut back on your spending and, ultimately, boosting your savings.”5. Pay yourself first.Logan Allec, CPA (@moneydoneright), owner of personal finance website  Money Done Right:“Too many people simply spend any extra money they get. When they do this, they are not paying themselves first and making themselves rich; they are paying the stores they shop at and making th ese stores rich!“So commit to depositing a certain percentage of what you earn into a savings or investment account before giving your money to anybody else.”Mercedes Forrest, personal finance coach,  and Certified Financial Education at  BottomLineFinances.com  (@bottomlinefinances):“Before you pay any bills,  pay yourself first. So, what does this mean? It means as soon as any income hits your bank account, you put some money aside for savings. Start small and build your way up, even if you start with only $50 per paycheck. Paying yourself first puts this money out of sight and out of mind. Soon enough you’ll get used to not having this money to spend.”6. Start with the change jar technique.Todd R. Christensen, author, Accredited Financial Counselor ®, and education manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS):“Get a big, clear water cooler bottle (big body, small neck) and dump all change into it as you walk in the door. As you see it growing, you will realize you can save and feel very little pain from doing so. Once you catch the savings fever, you can move to additional savings options.”7. Set up a savings account.Mercedes Forrest:“If you want to successfully save then you should separate your savings from your bills and spending money by putting it in a separate account. If you don’t separate this money, then you will be more inclined to spend it whether by accident on purpose.“There are multiple options for savings accounts, but you should consider an online savings that yields a slightly higher interest rate than a traditional savings account. Online savings accounts also provide more limitations to easily accessing your savings.  Thus, minimizing savings dipping.”Hanna Horvath:“Interest rates generally fall between 0.01 percent and two percent for a basic account, which is better than nothing. You could also consider a high-yield savings account if that feels right for your budget.”Andy Misek, digital marketing speci alist at personal finance comparison site  Finance Guru:The only downfall to having a savings account is that youre limited in how many transfers you have each month. If you use too many transfers, the account can automatically be changed to a checking account and youll no longer reap the benefits of the interest.”8. Use multiple bank accounts.Ronit Enos  (@ronitenossalonsprofits),  business strategist and ideation coach:“If you want to thrive and understand money and spending, follow this tip: Have clarity on your financial goals such as: what kind of home and vacation you want, amount you want to spend on health and wellness, the amount of saving you need to put aside (life insurance, college fund, personal development, retirement) and annual taxes.“Then, open five bank accounts named for each category and deposit money into them every month, even if it’s a small amount:“Income: for deposits only, whatever comes from your income.“Saving Allocation: 10 percent if you ar e 2 2-32, 20 percent if you are 32-55 (for IRA, college, personal development emergencies).“Household Musts: transportation, rent, utilities, mortgage.“Health and Wellness: the gym, yoga, meditation, supper food.“Travel and Leisure: need but not must, vacation entertainment fun.”“Plan a financial meeting on the 10th and the 25th of every month, for not more than one hour, and every 3months celebrate your wins!”9. Build the habit.Keina Newell:“Its important that we start saving early and often. The habit of saving, even if its only five dollars a month or $25 month is most important.  Commit to saving a set amount each paycheck.”10. Start your emergency fund.Matt Dworetsky:“We all know we should have one for life’s unexpected events, but not many people actually take the time to open an emergency account and set up automatic deposits. Creating an emergency fund will give you peace of mind and help out in the case of job loss, car troubles or medical expenses.”S tephanie Hammell:“Put aside at least three-to-six months’ worth of living expenses as a rainy day fund. There will always be something that comes up unexpectedly such as car maintenance, hospital expenses, or layoffs at work, so this will help save you the stress of having to worry about how to pay those off.“This should be a priority as a financial security measure. If your paychecks are inconsistent, then youll want to put aside even more so you can feel confident you are prepared for that rainy day (which will come at some point).”11. Take advantage of 401(k) matching.Andy Misek:There are many ways to put money aside and have it work for you. One of the most common ways people put money aside is through their companys 401(k). A 401(k) is a retirement fund that many companies offer.“Not only is it a great way to save for your retirement, but your company may also match a certain percentage contribution. For instance, if you put five percent of your pre-taxed income into your 401(k), your company will match that contribution. Thats free money put towards your retirement!12. Invest in your future goals.Stephanie Hammell:Open up an investment account, such as an IRA or 401(k) with tax advantages. Diversify your assets among various asset classes of stocks, bonds or mutual funds. The allocation apportioned to each of these will really depend on the amount of risk that the individual is willing and able to take on to sleep at night!Roth IRA’s can be a great choice because they offer post-tax investment growth, which means that your contributions are taxed upon entry, allowing your assets to grow tax-free leading to tax-free income in retirement. You can withdraw up to $10,000 without penalty from this type of account for a first-time home purchase too. You can also withdraw contributions you make to your Roth tax and penalty free anytime.13. Define  your why.  Ahna Holloran, personal finance coach with  Fika Finance  (@fikafinance):“Saving money is an important step towards financial success. Many of us know we should do, but were unclear as to why and how.“Defining the why is key. If you dont why you are saving, or what you are saving for, then it will be much harder to delay pleasure in other areas of your life in order to save.“A why could be to be able to pay for an emergency (such as a car repair or medical cost) out of pocket and not be afraid for my familys health and safety, or to save for a house and have a safe and comfortable place to live, or something similar.“Define your why, and then take actions to put it into practice. When you have defined your why and gotten a clear picture of your money, the physical act of saving becomes a lot easier and more enjoyable!”14. Minimize your utility bills.Andy Misek:You also need to be conscientious about your utility bills as well.. Turn off your lights and tv, take shorter showers, dont run your dishwasher. While all of these things seem trivial, they all make a huge difference in the cost of your energy bill. While gas, electricity, and water are all essential, youre in control over how much you pay for all of those.Doug Keller, marketing manager at Payless Power (@paylesspower):“Turn Down the Water Heater: As the second largest expense within our homes, the water heater is responsible for supplying the sinks, shower, dishwasher, and laundry machine with hot water. Frequently, the default temperature for the tanked heater is set to 140 degrees Fahrenheit but that is higher than necessary as it could enable water to reach scalding levels. By dialing things back to 120 degrees, you can still get the hot water you desire and save a lot of energy in the process, which will save you money each month.“Change your Light Bulbs: While you can wait for your light bulbs to burn out, taking an active approach and purchasing energy efficient bulbs like LEDs and CFLs to replace the use of incandescent bulbs will pay off. Incandescents only convert aroun d 10-20 percent of the energy they’re supplied with to light, meaning they waste a lot unnecessarily. In comparison, energy efficient bulbs can convert 80-90 percent of their energy into light. They also have longer lifespans than incandescents, ensuring a long-run benefit.“Unplug Electronics: Even after they have been powered off, electronic devices have the ability to consume electricity if they are left plugged in. This is known as vampire energy and it can make up roughly 20 percent of the monthly electricity costs incurred within households. As a result, once you are done using electronics be sure to unplug them. It’s simple but could save you a couple hundred dollars a year.15. Automate your savings:Keina Newell:Set up an auto draft from your checking account to a savings account that is not linked to your checking account. I always suggest that clients use a high-interest bearing account (e.g., Ally, Discover) they get the perks of earning interest on their money, and i ts not attached to their regular account.Mercedes Forrest:“Eliminate the thought process of saving by automating the process. Time the automation so that as soon as your income hits your bank account your savings is automatically transferred to a savings account.”16. Manage your debt.Stephanie Hammell:“If you feel you are living paycheck to paycheck, you may be paying high interest rates on too much debt. Before you can maximize on what assets you currently have, youll need to get your debt under control. Making it a habit to fully pay off your credit card bill in the month you get it is one factor that can help manage that.”17. Be careful with credit cards.Andy Misek:“One way many people end up not saving money is by using their credit card too frequently. Its so easy to use your credit cardâ€"you get what you want and you arent using any money in your account. However, youll have to pay that money back at the end of the month.“If you cant you start accruing interest an d this is where the problem comes in. Youre paying more money than the original purchase is worth.”18. Lower your interest rates.Matt Dworetsky:“If you have good credit, you may be able to negotiate lower interest rates on credit card debts. Before calling, evaluate the terms of your credit card and look for competing offers, this will make your case stronger while negotiating. Be polite to the representative on your phone, and if they say no, continue to pay off your debts and try again in a few months.”19. Increase your income.Marc Andre, personal finance blogger at  VitalDollar.com (@vital_dollar):“One of the most effective ways to build up savings is actually to focus on increasing your income. The more money that you make, the more money youll have to save (assuming your expenses dont increase as well).“Making more money may sound difficult, but today there are countless ways to make some extra money in your spare time. You can drive for Uber, walk dogs, clean houses, mow lawns, sell crafts on Etsy, take online surveys, rent out a room in your house, or offer any number of different services as a freelancer. Those are just a few of the ideas.“Its very realistic to make a few hundred dollars per month with a side hustle, and that can have a huge impact on your savings.”Mike Pearson, founder of personal finance website  Credit Takeoff:  â€œThe best way to boost your savings is to increase your income. The more money you have coming in, the more you can save.  Easier said than done? With todays gig economy, there are endless options for someone to make an extra $50 per week if youre creative and willing enough.“They can:“Drive for Uber or Lyft.“Deliver for PostMates.“Mow lawns or shovel snow.“Rent a spare room on Airbnb.“Walk dogs.“Do mystery shopping.”“I could go on and on. The point is that there are so many ways to make an extra buck, either on the weekends or at night. You might only have to put in 5-10 hours of work per week to get an extra $200 a month in cash. Then, with that extra cash in hand, you can start to strategize how to build your savings.”20. Buy used whenever you can.Logan Allec:“Being willing to purchase high-quality used items can save you hundreds if not thousands of dollars a year. This thinking can be applied to minor purchases such as clothing and small appliances, of course, but the larger the purchase, the bigger the savings you will enjoy.“Consider a vehicle purchase.  According to Carfax, the value of a new car can drop by up to 20 percent … just in the first year of ownership! Why not take advantage of the depreciation inherent in new car purchases by buying used?”21. Don’t forget your inner college student.Matthias  Alleckna,  energy analyst for energy rate comparison website EnergyRates.ca:“Some people tell you to never lose your inner child. When it comes to personal finances, Id suggest you not to lose your inner college student. Im not saying you should live in a dorm or eat junk food every day but think of the good old days when you didnt need a car, a three-bedroom apartment or even cable.“As adults, sometimes we caught ourselves paying for things we dont really need in the name of comfort. The truth is that you can live a comfortable life and still let go of some superficial things. Even on a budget, if you look around you will notice you pay for things you dont need or use frequently. Dont be afraid of changes and get rid of those things.”22. Do your grocery shopping  online.Jenna Coleman,  consumer behavior expert in the grocery industry at ParticularPantry.com  (@particularpantry):“While it may sound counterintuitive, ordering groceries online can really help save money. Many online stores are becoming more competitive with in-store pricing, Walmart matches everything but the coupons, and shoppers arent tempted into impulse buys that blow their budget.“Buying groceries online also allows the shopper to see the running total of their groceries so they can be more deliberate about which items they need in order to stay on budget.23. Pack your own lunch and make your own coffee.Matt Dworetsky:“We all like to indulge now and then, but getting in the habit of buying lunch and coffee every day adds up quickly. Take a few minutes in the morning to pack your own lunch and brew your own coffee. Put all the money your saving towards something that will last longer than your lunch break.”24. Take food savings one step further.Hanna Horvath:“Sure, you’ve probably heard about how you’ll save more by not going out to eat, but even if you always do meal prep, there are plenty of additional ways to save when grocery shopping. We have a list of  50 ways to save on groceries that can really help you cut back on food expenses.”25. Use cash-back apps.McKinzie Bean, blogger and  entrepreneur at  Moms Make Cents (@momsmakecents):There are a number of things that you can do to save money, but some of my fa vorites are tightening your grocery budget and using cash-back apps. When these two strategies are stacked it can make a big impact on your budget.“Before going to the grocery store look up the weekly ad for a few places in your area. Pay the most attention the items they have listed on the first page. These are called loss leaders and are generally priced extra low as an incentive to get you to come into their store. Meal plan around the items that are marked down that week. That will save you money on your groceries every week.“To stack the savings download a cash-back app like Ibotta or Drop and you can earn cash back on qualifying purchases. When you stack that with the already low prices when you are shopping the savings can add up quickly!26. Stash extra windfalls to boost your savings!Keina Newell:“I know it sounds funny but when you get unexpected income (e.g., tax refunds, pay raise, bonus, gifts) use a percentage of that to boost your savings.”Mercedes Forrest:“D on’t use a bonus or a pay raise as an opportunity to ball out of control. Yes, you can treat yourself to a little something, however, you should use a bonus or extra bit of monthly cash from a raise as an opportunity to save more.”27. Put your money where you can’t get it.Todd R. Christensen:“Trick yourself by either direct depositing or automatically transferring savings to an account at a bank or credit union that is separate from where you keep your checking account. Do NOT get an ATM card and try to find a financial institution with no evening or weekend hours and no drive through. Make it inconvenient to get your money out of your savings.”28. Lower your rent.Justin Pogue, real estate consultant, financial  advisor, and author of Rental Secrets:“Those with lower incomes are seeing rent consume an ever larger percentage of their income. Affordable housing and other assistance programs do exist. But, there are far too many people competing for far too few openings lea ving most to deal with the traditional rental market. Learning market-based strategies to slow the growth of rent cost or reducing rent can greatly enhance their ability to save.“These strategies include learning to rent when the lowest rents of the year are available, and to obtain free rent by working for landlords who own smaller properties. As my book Rental Secrets points out, landlords have problems. Landlords pay renters who solve their problems in the form of lower rent.“A great majority of people are looking to get their housing in place before school starts. This is why theres such a frenzy for housing in the late summer. However, there are still vacancies that landlords need to fill in the late fall and winter. But, the number of people looking has dropped dramatically. This puts renters in a position to obtain rent discounts approaching 6 percent just based on timing, as verified by a study performed by Renthop.com.“Another strategy from my book is to work as the l andlords on-site representative for a smaller property. Some landlords simply recognize the benefit of having such a person available, while others are legally required to do so. In exchange, these representatives receive drastically reduced rent or even free rent for their services.29. Review your credit card statements.Matt Dworetsky:“Far too many of us neglect to review our credit card statement each month, which could be a costly mistake.  It is always a good idea to double check that the charges are correct, that your payments are being made on time and that no fraudulent activity occurred. It’s also possible that you’ll catch some subscription fees you forgot you were paying.”30. Create a shopping list … and stick to it.Logan Allec:“One of the biggest budget (and time) killers is wandering aimlessly through major retailers such as Target or Walmart with the intention of only buying one or two items but walking out hours later having spent an extra $20, $50, or eve n $100 more than you thought you would.“To kick this habit, create a shopping list of exactly what you need to purchase and then stick to this list once you get into the store. Dont even go to any unnecessary aisles!  Just go straight to the items you need, purchase them, and leave the premises.”31. Meal-plan.Jenna Coleman:“Even though the average American family spends 10 percent of their budget on groceries, very few have a set grocery budget or thought out meal plans. Even fewer are educated about all of their grocery shopping choices.“As a consumer behavior expert in the grocery industry, I find that the most effective thing a family can do is spend time every week to create a meal plan and then compare the prices between a few stores to make sure they are saving the most money.”32. Blindly” contribute to your future.Stephanie Hammell:“Just like the accomplished feeling you get after a workout to improve your wellbeing, you rarely regret saving for your own future â€"you know you will need that money one day!“Once you open up your investment account, plan to set up automatic payments from your checking account to that investment account bi-weekly or monthly right when your paycheck hits your account.“This way, you will not see the money leaving your checking account and it won’t hurt as much to see it go- it will have been as if it wasn’t even there in the first place! In the process, however, you will be saving yourself a better future.“Whether its $1,000, $500, $100, $50 to $20 a month, there is always a certain amount that someone could put aside for that, even if it requires just buying one less lunch or dinner out a week.“Most importantly, the time to start is never tomorrow, it is always now. As they say, it’s not about timing the market, but time in the market, so start as early as you can and make that money work for you!”33. Make it a family matter.Keina Newell:“Teach your children the power of saving, have money co nversations.  When your child gets money for birthdays or chores or performing a job encourage them to split their funds into three buckets (giving, saving, spending).“Take it a step further and make them use the money theyve set aside for spending to fund their lifestyle while also teaching them the importance of saving.”34. Get fixed-price deals on regular expenses.Matthias Alleckna:“When youre on a budget, cost certainty is even more significant. Any small change to your budget could impact your finances significantly, so you need to make sure you avoid surprises the most you can.“One of the best ways of reaching financial predictability is getting as many fixed-price deals as you can. From the electricity bill to your phone plan, do what you can to make sure you pay predictable bills every month. Such a measure will allow increasing your financial stability and protect you from negative surprises.”35. Use the library.Doug Keller:“As a home for thousands of books and internet access, the library is a great place to go regularly to cut the energy use within your home for a time while still having access to the things you need. And with a library card, you can check out books and even DVDs possibly for free, which will reduce your entertainment expenses.”36. Stay home once in a whileAndy Misek:“One thing many younger people have a problem with is going out too often. Its easy to get a group of friends together, go out and get some food. However, that adds up VERY quickly. You need to limit how often you go out and have people over at your house. Youll end up saving a ton of money.37. Re-shop your insurance policies.Hanna Horvath:“One of the best ways to save on an expense you have to haveâ€"insuranceâ€"is to periodically re-shop existing policies. A  Policygenius survey found that one in three Americans have never re-shopped their home or auto insurance. But by not doing this, you could be leaving money on the table.”38. Freeze your credi t.Matt Dworetsky:“As of last year, everyone is able to freeze their credit with the three major credit bureaus for free. This feature is offered online and is very quick and easy. Identity theft is very prevalent, and scammers who open fraudulent cards in your name can destroy your credit score.“Freezing your credit takes ten minutes and puts you in control of your finances. If you have a child under the age of 18, you can also freeze their credit for them.”39. Dont focus on the amounts, focus on the actions.Robyn, creator of the personal finance blog  A Dime Saved, (@adimesaved) for financial newbies:“My advice would be: Dont focus on the amounts, focus on the actions. Dont worry if you cant save more than five dollars a month. The important thing is that you are saving.”“When you budget for savings (no matter how small) you are creating good financial habits that will get you in the habit of saving, especially when you do eventually have a bigger income. Also, even thi s small amount is better than nothing!”“Dont think that just because you can only save small amounts its not worthwhile to save what you can. Every dime counts!”40. Make it fun!Mercedes Forrest:“Set a savings goal, give yourself a due date and reward yourself along the way for hitting your savings target. For example, if your savings target is $500 then celebrate by giving yourself a reward when you reach $250 and then again when you reach $500.”What will you do with that money?Will you spend it? We dont really recommend you do that. In fact, one of the best things you can do with that money is simply  hanging onto it. Even if youre not investing that money and letting it grow, maintaining a well-stocked emergency fund will help keep your financial situation stable.When folks  dont  have an emergency fundâ€"or any money in savings at allâ€"an unexpected bill or emergency expense could end up knocking their wallet for a loop. This is how people end up taking out high-cost n o credit check loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances just to get by.Relying on the wrong bad credit loan could leave you trapped in a cycle of debt for months or even years to come! Thats why you should use the money you save to help build a brighter, more stable financial future instead. To learn more, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersFrom Budget to Baller: 6 Tips to Grow Your Money8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackThe Broke Person’s Guide to Credit CardsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsLogan Allec (@moneydoneright) is a CPA and owner of the personal finance website  Money Done Right.    After spending his twenties grinding it out in the corporate world and paying off over $35,000 in student loans, he dropped everything and launched  Money Done Rig ht  in 2017.    His mission is to help everybodyâ€"from college students to retireesâ€"make, save, and invest more money.    Logan resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife Caroline.Matthias  Alleckna has worked in the energy industry for a number of years. He is currently an energy analyst at  EnergyRates.ca, a leading energy rate comparison website that helps consumers find low-cost rates for electricity and gas. From personal finances to everything energy,  Matthias writes weekly content for the EnergyRates.ca blog and has contributed to many media outlets such as HuffPost, Yahoo! and Forbes.Marc Andre is a personal finance blogger at  VitalDollar.com (@vital_dollar), where he writes about saving money, managing money, and ways to make more money. His goal with Vital Dollar is to help individuals and families get the most out of the money they have and to reach their full financial potential. He lives in Pennsylvania with his wife and their two kids(a son and a daughter).McKi nzie Bean (@momsmakecents)  is a mother of two and personal finance junkie. She loves teaching other moms how to save money, make money and take control of their financial situation. She has degrees in behavioral science and financial planning and has been featured in major publications like Forbes, The Penny Hoarder, Tailwind and more.Author and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Jenna Coleman  (@part icularpantry) is a consumer behavior expert in the grocery industry who believes that finding the right food for your family should be easier. She  is a firm believer that everyone can be an educated consumer and she’s on a mission to bring unbiased transparency to your choices of food and modes of shopping so that you can make deliberate choices for your particular life.Matt Dworetsky, president of Dworetsky Financial, helps clients maximize their retirement by creating personalized plans for their goals. Whether you are a federal employee, small business owner or any person looking to set up your retirement the right way, Matt will help create a legacy and plan for retirement pitfalls.Ronit Enos  (@ronitenossalonsprofits) is an award-winning business strategist and ideation coach practicing innovative approaches that allow entrepreneurs to achieve optimal freedom and success. Salon  Cadence  is her unique program that teaches business owners how to manage cash flow, and gain cla rity and confidence on how to run their businesses.    Her philosophy allows owners to reduce time spent on minutia and focus approximately 85 percent of their efforts on business development to achieve financial freedom and success.Mercedes Forrest  (@bottomlinefinances) is a Personal Finance Educator who navigates professional women in the spirited pursuit of using their finances to create financial freedom and a fuller life. In the spirited pursuit of creating her own financial freedom, she paid off $100K in student loan debt, built a five-figure emergency savings account in addition to creating a fund which allowed her to take a four-month unpaid sabbatical to travel.Stephanie Hammell is an Investment Advisor through LPL Financial, the largest independent broker-dealer in the nation. She is also the founder of the Health and Wealth Society, a 5-star rated organization dedicated to help improve the physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing of the community through fulfilling exper iences. According to a LinkedIn study done by J.P. Morgan Asset Management, Stephanie was ranked #1 as the most endorsed person at LPL Financial for Financial Planning (data provided by #instats).Creator and financial coach at Fika Finance  (@fikafinance), Ahna Holloran is devoted to empowering you in your financial journey. She’ll guide you away from stress and anxiety, giving you tools to take control of your finances and forge a healthy relationship with money.Hanna Horvath  (@Hanna__Horvath) is a personal finance reporter at  Policygenius  Magazine (@policygenius) in New York City. She previously wrote for KNBC in Los Angeles and has a journalism degree, with an emphasis on public health, from Syracuse University.Douglas Keller has been a financial expert for 20 years, helping people reach financial stability. He works for  Payless Power (@paylesspower) where he continues to help people save money on their bills every month.Andy  Misek  is the Digital Marketing Specialist at F inance Guru, a comparison website for loans, credit cards, insurance, banks,  and home utilities.Keina Newell (@wealthovernow) is the founder and financial coach at  Wealth Over Now. She was her  first client. She came out of school with $75,000 in debt, making $33,000 so she started having money dates with herself  to align her income with her goals. By the age of 28, she bought her first home and paid off her student loans a few years later.  She now empowers single young professional women to gain clarity and confidence with their money.Mike  Pearson  is the founder of  Credit Takeoff, a research-driven personal finance site for people looking to improve their credit. A proud member of the 800 Credit Club,  Mike  writes about practical steps that everyday consumers can take to increase their credit scores. His advice on credit repair and credit scores has appeared in QuickBooks, Go Banking Rates, and MortgageLoan.com.Justin Pogue currently works as a real estate consultant based in San Jose, CA.    His services are sought after by property management companies, investors, and real estate consulting companies alike.    Since 2003, he has developed and managed apartments, rental homes and student housing across the United States.    Justin holds a degree in Economics from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, and an MBA from The Darden School at the University of Virginia.Robyn is a mother and someone who feels passionately about helping people with their finances. She has taken her personal experience, advice she was given, things she has learned on her own and in her MBA studies and tries to share what she feels is important financially on her blog,  A Dime Saved  (@adimesaved).

Teen Plastic Surgery - 2711 Words

Teen Plastic Surgery Cosmetic plastic surgery has been increasing rapidly in the medical field, and making its way to the top of the beauty spectrum when it comes to what is important. Teenagers, especially adolescent girls, have been exploring the new ways to enhance their external appearance, and not with just lipstick and eye shadow. In the past three decades, surgeons, magazine editors, and book authors have been investigating the consequences, good and bad, of having cosmetic surgery at such a young age and what exactly is influencing this surgical epidemic. The question is this: should teenagers be able to get cosmetic surgery at such an early age? A review of both anecdotal experiences as well as scholarly evidence will prove both†¦show more content†¦Maturity When studying adolescent teens, you must consider the maturity level of understanding the different implications of surgery and all that it entails. Although there is no prohibition against performing surgery on patients younger than 18, some surgeons say they are reluctant to do so in part because they may still be growing (Boodman, 2004). At such a young age, it is hard to imagine deciding on a serious procedure that could affect the patient for many years to come and to understand the risks that are involved. The teens who seem to be getting these procedures do not realize that their bodies are still growing mentally and physically. Even though one might think that getting these procedures will enhance beauty and self-esteem, it will not guarantee happiness. Having cleavage may be the most important thing when youre 18, but its not when your 25, Zuckerman stated (2008). Knowing your priorities and putting what is most important first can save a lot of financial hardships and personal dissatisfaction. So why talk about only girl teenagers; what about boys getting cosmetic surgery? The truth is, that anyone and everyone tends to become more masculine looking with age. For boys, this is a wonderful trait that can increase self-esteem, but for girls, it is their worst nightmare. Studies have shown that society as a whole has a tendency to put more pressure on girls to look good which makes forShow MoreRelatedSocial Media On Teen Plastic Surgery1177 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding plastic surgery. b. Knowing the reason why people would most likely operate plastic surgery. c. Knowing whether plastic surgery is a way to promote beauty or destroy it. II) The Main Conflict a. Knowing how plastic surgery destroys beauty rather than promote it. b. Many people go overboard with surgery to look MORE beautiful. c. Lack of self-confidence guides people into fakeness. III) Plastic surgery in a developing teenager a. The influence of social media on teen plasticRead MoreAmerican Teen Cosmetic And Plastic Surgery1432 Words   |  6 Pages American Teen Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery Plastic and cosmetic surgeries have become a persisting issue in The United States, with the steady advancement of social media and technology being exposed to teens, many are falling victims to the country’s perception of standard beauty and resorting towards surgical procedures features that are not considered to be attractive among the general public. The United States makes it very easy for teens to proceed with aesthetic surgicalRead MoreShould Teens Get Forced Into Getting Plastic Surgery?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesmother looks different from her, due to the fact she has gotten a lot of plastic surgery done to herself. Whose little girl wants to grow up and look beautiful, just like her mother, but doesn’t understand the risk of plastic surgery. When the little girl grows into a teen, she thinks she is finally ready to get her first cosmetic surgery done, a nose job. Her mother is all for it, since she has had plenty of cosmetic surgeries before, but is this perfe ctly team getting this for herself, where to makeRead MoreShould Teens Undergo Plastic Surgery?1565 Words   |  7 PagesShould teens undergo cosmetic surgery? In todays society the picture of beauty is a rail thin super model with the body of a goddess posted on billboards all around the world. Children are brought up playing with Barbie dolls with the body measurements of would be 39, 18, 38. Because of these pictures and other figures of beauties projected all over, today teenagers are convinced to believe that to be beautiful and happy they must look like these images. According to a survey by Bliss MagazineRead MorePro Teen Plastic Surgery Debate Information3238 Words   |  13 PagesCurrent event- Historical event- She is just 14, going to undergo plastic surgery. her face bears the painful-looking raised scars and puckered skin of a burn victim. Blikis was burned in an acid attack. Acid eating through the skin on their faces, destroying cartilage and bone in minuetes. As she waits for her first surgery to help restore her face and her future. Driscoll, Amy. World of Hope for Acid Attack Victim. Miami Herald (Miami, FL). 15 Jul 2001: 1B+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web.Read MoreEssay about American Teenagers and Plastic Surgery1189 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Teenagers and Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is not a new field of medicine. Traditionally, plastic surgery dealt with fixing abnormalities of the body, but recently people are enjoying the luxury of plastic surgery simply because they are not happy with their appearance. People make appointments with plastic surgeons for procedures such as rhinoplasty, liposuction, tummy tucks, face lifts, and most commonly breast augmentation. These people look forward to desired results fromRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MoreTeen Cosmetic Surgery is Ugly1059 Words   |  5 Pagestrendiest, expensive clothes, I wanted it all. This was all a part of growing up. However, there are exceptions. When it comes to permanent, life-altering choices at such a young age, conformity is not the right decision. Why is it so hard for teens to accept who they are? Why do the feel the need to look and be something or someone there not? What happens when it gets out of control? Is it more than the desire to follow a trend? Answers to these questions are not easily found due to all ofRead MoreThe Plastic Generation (Persuasive Speech on Child Cosmetic Surgery)960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Plastic Generation Famous actress and model Patricia Heaton once said â€Å"Plastic surgery is like the big elephant in the Hollywood living room,† (Brainy Quotes). For celebrities, a plastic surgery operation is just another trip to the doctor’s office. After all, in this day and age, image is everything. We see this in high profile professions, and in large cities across the country. However, recently in Beverly Hills, California, girls as young as 16 are getting nose-jobs as a â€Å"Right of Passage†Read MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery1573 Words   |  6 Pagesare more likely to have cosmetic surgery to blend in, to avoid peer harassments, and to stop further inner torments. Keep in mind that plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are different even though both surgeries are used to fix someone’s physical body. Plastic surgery are used to mend looks that are ruined due to terrible accidents, and is pay by insurance, while cosmetic surgery are used to enhance someoneâ⠂¬â„¢s look which insurance does not cover. Cosmetic surgery has helped many patients fit in with

Climate Change Is A Serious Problem - 1123 Words

Climate Change is a Serious Problem to the Planet â€Å"Climate change is happening, humans are causing it, and I think it is perhaps the most serious environmental issue facing us.† This quote from Bill Nye illustrates the serious nature of climate change. Climate change is the most serious issue that is plaguing the world. Global temperatures have been increasing in recent years and it is clear that our climate is changing. Climate change is the change of temperature and weather in our environment over long periods of time. A majority of scientists suspect that humans are causing climate change by emitting CO2 into the atmosphere which creates a greenhouse effect and warms the planet. The effects of climate change are far-reaching, impacting ocean life and plant life across the globe. It also directly impacts humans because global temperatures may cause sea levels to rise and temperatures become too warm to live in. Climate change is real and is occurring because the effects of climate change can be seen in our oceans, in global temperature increases, and because humans are directly causing climate change. Climate change can be seen through the effects on our oceans. The planet is warming and an increase in global temperatures causes ice to melt. Unfortunately, this cycle is becoming problematic as it warms the planet’s temperatures. According to NASA, â€Å"Global sea level rose about 17 centimeters (6.7 inches) in the last century. The rate in the last decade, however, isShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Is A Serious Problem1028 Words   |  5 PagesHumans will destroy the earth if no one acts. Climate change is a serious problem that has been around for decades. The 21st century is special because of the technology and information available. Yet, people continue to ignore the overwhelming destruction happening to nature. Through many years, masses have begun to take responsibility and restore the planet. In time, the earth might be what it onc e was. Climate change began in the 1820s with Joseph Fourier and in the 1860s with John Tyndall. FourierRead MoreClimate Change Is A Serious Problem For The Planet Earth975 Words   |  4 Pages Climate change is the rise in the temperature of the earth’s surface mainly credited to the increased levels of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Climate change is a serious problem for the planet earth that have leaders from around the world worried about its effects. The rise of sea level, the melting of the glaciers on Antarctica due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is threatening the life of people living in many different big cities aroundRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Planet879 Words   |  4 Pagesdestruction when climate change has damaged the planet beyond repair. Global warming is caused by the factory and cars always discharge CO2. ’ Global warming is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere—which acts as a blanket, trapping heat and warming the planet.’ (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2011) Some people think that it is not a serious problem to damage the planet or they can still save the planet. However, Global warming has already caused serious destruction toRead MoreThe Problem Of Climate Change1745 Words   |  7 Pagesaltered by humans, including the climate. Climate change is becoming one of the fastest growing problems that the world is facing. Once one thing changes, it causes a ripple effect creating complications for Earth and everything that is part of Earth. If this problem is not fixed soon, the Earth as we know it will be forever changed. One of the biggest problems about the topic of climate change is that people do not understand the meaning of climate change or what problems that it can cause if it is untreatedRead MoreThe Natural Environment As A Social Problem Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesfocused on changes in the natural environment as a social problem. Science has a primary role in molding what counts as an environmental problems. This is obvious because of the advancement of planetary science and environmental activism encouraging awareness and deliberation of global environmental problems. One would think this is new, but there has been previous scientist warning us if we didn’t watch what we would do, we would face the consequences later on. Some people were aware of changes in theRead MoreClimate Change Is Not A New Issue1552 Words   |  7 Pagesstated in the previous section, climate change is not necessarily a new issue. However it’s been receiving the spotlight lately, as it should. The issue of the â€Å"Greenhouse Effect† has been around as early as 1820’s when scientist Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier theorized that the Earth should be colder than it is. His main idea was that the Earth technically had a blanket around it, trapping in heat and keeping us as warm as we are. Once the idea that climate change was happening was more mainstreamRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesthis as a new normal. Global warming and climate change has the potential to be a serious issue in the world today. Global warming is a global temperature rise. With the ice caps melting many animals are going extinct or having to adapt to different places of the world. Leaders of the world are also starting to realize that global warming is starting to lead to climate change. Climate change is classified when average temperatures raise 2 degrees. Climate change is an effect of global warming. GreenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming : A Global Climate Change1457 Words   |  6 Pagesweather all over the world. The climate change all over the world is a proof that the weather conditions are changing. Global warming has made some of the hottest land cold now and the countries that never had a summer in millenniums are now having sunlight regularly. These are the basic changes that signify that global warming is affecting the whole world. Global climate change is a procedure which is - according to the climate studies - a rapid change in the climate of some countries. The weatherRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Global Climate Change1013 Words   |  5 PagesEvery human activity is having a particular effect on our climate. This was noted by the world in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro when it was open for signature by the United Nations Framework on Climate Change. In the Climate Change Convention, the international community agreed to prevent and combat the effects of climate change such as those in agricultural areas, melting icecaps and the increase in sea level. In 1997, governments took the next step and agreed to the Kyoto Protocol which set as its goalRead MoreEnvironmental And Humanitarian Issue Of Climate Change1727 Words   |  7 Pagesclearest and foremost environmental and humanitarian issue the world faces today is climate change yet, you would almost not seem to know given the little attention major News Corporations, such as ABC, NBC, FOX, and CBS spend on addressing, or even acknowledging for that matter, the issue. Just last year in 2015, all four of these major networks together spent a grand total of 146 minutes of airtime discussing climate change. To put that into perspective, all four of those major networks together spent

Microbiology Lab Report Free Essays

Page I – Cover sheet In the middle f the page give name and number of your microorganism In the right lower corner provide – your name – Lab section number (Biol 108-005) – Date submitted ( 4/18/2013) – the unknown tube # is 5 Page II table of result – This page will have your table of results include the following information – Name of the test – Medium used – Indicator used – your results Part III – All the test done As many pages as needed to do a complete job. n this section you are describing in detail all the tests that was done( all of the chemistry and biochemical reactions) – color change that indicates negative results with explanation which means the substrate, enzyme, products, media, indicator and negative and positive result – the enzyme that are needed for the reaction to take place – indicate what role of medium in the reaction is -what reagent is needed to identify the f inal product Part IV – discussion of Results -as many pages as needed to do a complete job this is the most important part of the report. Read We will write a custom essay sample on Microbiology Lab Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/chapter-8-microbial-genetics/"Chapter 8 Microbial Genetics Discuss in a logical and step by step how you concluded that you had a certain microorganism. If you had gram negative organism you need to explain which organisms were part of the study and how you eliminated three of them. – To convince your reader you need phrases like; – This negative result† suggested † that my organism is Proteus Vulgaris – this negative result â€Å"confirmed or Reaffirmed† that the organism is Proteus Vulgaris Part V (one page) significance of your particular organism: – Pathogenic, resident flora, or opportunist organism – Disease caused -Symptoms – Treatment – Other related information NOTE: Science writing is brief, concise and down to the point. Avoid long introductions and sentences this paper is due on the 18th which mean tomorrow at 7 am Thank you Please remember to separate each part separately also she accepts this formula too like: tryptophase Tryptoph——— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ Indole Enzyme How to cite Microbiology Lab Report, Papers

Long Fuse Notes free essay sample

â€Å"Truth and the Historian† Main argument This is both an introduction to the book and an essay about the causes of World War I, as seen by other historical writers and Lafore himself. He states that â€Å"World War I has become a fashion and a fad,† and, while there is nothing wrong with the topic being widely discussed, historians should be careful in using research and analyzing historical topics. The introduction outlines the sources of the conflict that later was known as the Great War. All of the events: hostilities between the great powers, competition for the sea, and expansionism: were what has led to that conflict. But Lafore also argues that no cause can be singled out as the most important, because they all contributed to the relations between European countries before 1914. Main People Luigi Albertini: an Italian journalist and politician, who studied the causes of World WarI Fritz Fischer: a German historian who published a history of German policy before and during the war Helmuth von Moltke: the German chief of staff who was afrain of a European war, but nevertheless â€Å"prepared to urge measures that he knew would bring a general war. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Fuse Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Outline A. World War I is among the most widely discussed topics in history 1. Myopia in history: historians see the past from the present (relativism) a. Not always the correct way of examining it b. This indicates some sense of bias 2. What happened after 1945 gives a new perspective on the events before 1914 and the war itself a. The relations of European powers led to the war b. No single country was to be blamed the most for the causes 3. Terms such as â€Å"revisionism† proved to have little significance to the evaluation of the causes of war a. They have not been guilty of planning a world war b. Historians found all the countries to be guilty in some way B. Historians like Albertini and Fischer had opposing views on the war and its participants 1. Albertini did extensive research on Germany’s role before and in the war a. He found the Germans â€Å"unquestionable guilty† of urging Austrians to attack Serbia b. He was a supporter of revisionism, but his interpretation proved to be objective 2. Fischer published a book about Germany’s role after the war a. He agreed that Germany was partially responsible . He and Albertini both accused Germany of pressuring Austria to go to war with Serbia, although there was a danger of a world war 3. At present time, the â€Å"war guilt† could be viewed much more objectively, not necessarily with blaming Germany a. Some Germans, like Moltke, feared and did not support a â€Å"general war† Chapter 1: The Lost Utopia Main Argument Omnipresent European sover eignty was a flaw in the plan for ubiquitous peace: as the country was left to make its own decisions, there was no guarantee that there would be overuses of that power. European stubborn adherence to the idea of independence caused great disputes as the international law could not deliberately enforce its rules of what an independent state could and could not do: the nations were sovereign, and thus they should be allowed to do what they believed was right. There were many different ethnic groups throughout Europe, specifically the eastern areas. With the creation of new modern states united by ethnicity, such as Germany, other ethnicities began to desire an independent state for themselves, putting Europe in a state of disagreement. Main People Giuseppe Mazzini: An Italian liberator who, like many other Liberals and Napoleon III, profoundly believed in the veracity of the notion of freedom John Stuart Mill: an English liberal who felt that the recent advance in society gave too much power to the upper class Bismarck: The emperor of Germany. He believed that Europe was unified enough after the formation of Germany and Italy Gladstone: prime minister of great Britain. He felt that many groups, such as the Irish, the Poles, and the Italians, should have their own state Outline Treaty of Vienna I. A. Nations realized that the international law should apply to all European countries as the omnipresent peace was a concern of all European nations 1. 1815 Treaty helped governments realize that additional laws to the international law should be added concerned about actions that could possibly threaten the peace and security of Europe Relationships of events to causes of WWI II. A. Most of the European countries were considered states as they were unified in language, culture, sense of nationalism etc. B. Sovereignty could lead to abuses and wars among nations as the independence left a nation uncontrollable and possible to act in any way wanted. C. The international law created to ensure that there were no abuses of sovereignty turned out to have several drawbacks D. The establishment of Great Powers as guardians of the European peace increased hostility and jealousy among nations as some of the non-Great Power nations felt hurt by their exclusion of this prestigious title. 1. However, he also mentions that this was not true for all of the countries and that these differences in single states were to be a great cause of arising disputes. . Armies, for example, could be strengthened not only as a sign of attempt to be better protected, but also as a sign of getting ready for a war. 3. Even though the nations recognized and accepted its rules, some of them still did not find it important to act with these laws and broke them severely. 4. Placing the power of maintaining peace in hands of just few countries opened a way for abuses and further violations of the international law as no one could rebel, accordingly to the international law, against the rules of Great Powers. Characterization of varying national perspectives, shifting alliances etc. III. A. During the mid-17th century, most of the European countries focused on maintaining the peace. B. As noted, the Great Powers were allied with each other by the international law that obliged them to cooperate to maintain the European peace. France, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, Austria and Italy had to work together, and as proven, quite successfully for a while. 1. Even though there were a few violations of the international laws, Germany was not one of them, which shows how through 18-19th centuries her focus was not just on defeating France and Russia. . the oncoming World War I between these nations shows what a great change in attitude they had to go through in order to get from friendly European-peace-protection into an immense war for territory. IV. Concert of Europe falling apart by 1820 A. from 1858 to 1871, only 4 wars in Europe 1. Piedmont and france attacks Austria 2. Prussia attacks Denmark, Austria, and France a. all wars were not sanctioned b. concert losing p ower B. Balance of power also prevented fighting 1. countries would not fight because other countries would get involved 2. If one country was too strong, it would be a threat to other countries V. The anomalies of the European System A. Growing strength of conservatism 1. Many liberals converted, others turned to socialism 2. Growing conflict with the upper class 3. John Stuart Mill – advancements created by modernization create problems for many people B. Other problems recognized with the national system 1. Northwestern Europe set trends for other countries to follow 2. Ireland a. part of Britain b. threat to stability of Britain i. worked with French army during war with England in1793 – 1815 ii. rowing nationalism and threat of revolution 3. France and Alsace a. Alsace had german ancestry, but the inhabitants had assimilated with France i. Germany held grudge of losing land ii. reclaimed during unification in 1871 4. Loraine a. also formerly German, but all German influence was gone b. Germany wanted it for strategic regions i. City of Metz had a strong fort and would prevent French att ack on Germany 5. loss of provinces hoped to be accepted by France but would not be a. france was the most powerful country in continental Europe b. would be threatened by a growing germany C. German state generally accepted 1. Considered similar to full French or Spanish state 2. Most political lines followed nationality D. More problems in southeast regarding nationality and politics 1. Britain and france had different ethnic groups but all generally shared similar allegience a. Ethnicity was generally not an important thing 2. Bismark felt that enough of Europe had been unified 3. Gladstone felt that almost every ethnic group should gain independence excluding eastern Europe due to an incredibly large amount of ethnicities 4. Creation of modern states creates idea of all ethnicities having their own state a. Inspires eastern nationalism E. Rumanians 1. Roman lineage 2. Contained literature, language, and culture but no political action a. controlled by Greece 3. Claimed land in Turkey in 1871 a. other provinces with Rumanians in Russia and Hungary F. Other ethnic groups in the east 1. Some, like Greeks and Serbs already had state 2. Some, like Slovenes had few requests for state 3. Other groups were so obscure that an independent state would be irrelevant G. Poland 1. Formerly a powerful state . Roman Catholic religion VI. Swallowed peoples A. The Rumanians and the Poles like many other people had been engulfed into other larger nations 1. Some like the Greeks and the Serbs had emancipated themselves into their own nations 2. Some like the Slovenes had never had their own nation and were barely stirred by a sense of nationalism 3. Still others like the Ghegs and Tosks were so small as to barely constitute a people much less a nation 4. Poland Swallowed B. Ceased to be a country after the third partition 1. Was the largest of the imprisoned nations 2. Was a homogenous nation with one language, religion and a sense of national pride 3. The Polish national pride was seen as a threat as they had erupted in revolt in Russia three times by 1863 4. In Germany Poles remained a silent yet resentful minority C. In Austria the Poles received little change in their functioning lives and were allowed to keep the their cultural traditions and were therefore less resentful 1. Poland Unifies Nations 2. Though the Poles created problems singly for each of the empires that held them collectively the division of Poland acted as a unifying force among the three empires 3. The common fear of Polish rebellion during and after the revolt of 1863 caused Bismarck and Germany to offer German Support 4. Because Germany supported Russia in the Revolt of 1863 Russia supported Germany in their attack on France in 1870 5. Poland though non-existent was one of the most important factors in national relations 6. Conservatives viewed freeing Poland as something that would cause war and also realized that the status quo in which there was no Poland was also a cause for war, where as the liberals sought determination of all peoples as an end above peace 7. In 1870 the conservatives had the more practical point of view 8. Because of the diversity of the eastern European peoples and the conflicting interests of the major powers sorting them into nations would be a near impossible task 9. All the eastern European peoples were nicely divided into the powers Russia, Germany, Austria, and Turkey D. Weaknesses in the Conservative position 1. The empires in which many peoples were contained could not achieve internal accord 2. The empires containing many peoples could not act in harmony with each other as their interests usually in conflict 3. Russia and Austria especially held distain for each other after the Russian Army aided the Austrian government in suppressing the 1848 revolt and the Austrian army did not return the favor in the Crimean war E. Turkey The Sick Man of Europe 1. The ridged structure of the Ottoman Empire did not allow for the government to progress with the times and it fell in to a weak and antiquated state 2. The increased sense of national pride spread like wild fire among the diverse peoples of the Ottoman Empire meaning the people became ever more difficult to control G. Nationalism: a means to an end 1. Formerly Nationalism had been a liberal ideal 2. all peoples should have self determination and national pride was a means to that end 3. However when the power of nationalism was realized the conservatives of Europe adopted nationalism for their own end 4. with national pride strengthening an empire the people of the empire are more willing to fight to empower the empire H. Pan-Slavism 1. Nationalism on the basis of racial brotherhood: the Slavs were of the same racial descent and were divided in to many little subdivisions too small to justify nations therefore it seemed logical to combine them all in to one pan-Slavic state 2. Initially Pan-Slavism was a liberal movement for the determination of many people into one nation however with Russian Pan-Slavism it would be reborn into a conservative goal I. Russian Pan-Slavism 1. Invented by Nicholas Danilevsky 2. Pan-Slavism with the entirety of the Slavic states under the rule of the Russian Empire 3. Turned a Liberal ideal into a Conservative end in that it empowered an already great empire rather than called for self determination of Slav peoples Chapter 2: The Austria Anomaly Main Argument Lafore goes on to discuss the things that make up the ‘Austrian Anomaly’; basically, why Austria was so different than the other Great Powers of Europe. Lafore states that the other powers were constructed on a basis of nationality, whereas Austria was not, and major threats came in 1914 by the forces exercised by the minorities in nation states, and Austria consisted entirely of minorities. He then goes on to discuss the dual- monarchy of Austria-Hungary, and how that change in the division of power further changed the world view of Austria. The nationalities stated are accompanied by their qualities and affiliations and the amount in each section of A-H. The maps are significant because they attribute to the argument that nationalities in A-H wanted to be reunited with their home countries right over the border. Main People Austria Hungary: The nation was militarily strong and influential amongst the other European powers. However, unlike those countries, Austria Hungary was not united by a single cultural identity, but divided by cultural barriers. Magyars: These were a distinct and powerful group of people who managed to preserve a seemingly immortal system of political tradition Germans: They were the most populous and according to history the most native to the land in both Austria and Hungary. They were typically landowners, townsmen, and civil servants. Czechs: They were the second most common minority, numbering a little less than 5 million. They had been endowed with Bohemian reign before, and under Habsburg rule, desired more recognition and respect of their ethnicity. Ruthenes: Around 3 million, they lived in the eastern parts of the country and shared many similarities with Ukrainians in terms of culture and ancestry. Poles: There were about 2 and a half million Poles living in Austria, but they were absent in Hungary. Their extensive history and prominence provided them the foundation for national pride, like with other Eastern European ethnicities. Rumanians: There were about 3 million Rumanians who resided in Hungary. They were less active in controlling their own affairs, often under the rule of dominating Magyars. Serbo-Croats: Half a million of them lived in Austria, where as more than 2 million lived in Hungary. While bound by common ancestry, the culture of the two factions was very different. The Serbs experienced brief independent success, but later on faced foreign rule by the Turkish and of course the Habsburg. They were generally oppressed and neglectful of modern ideals and lifestyles. Croats on the other hand had a more sophisticated reputation and level of independence. Though as Magyars began to abuse power, loyalty waned. Habsburg Monarchy: It was the oldest dynasty in Europe, having a long history that was bound to the Romans and one that was against the Turks. It dealt with many domestic disputes that severely weakened its influence later on. What did preserve an otherwise antiquated and sometimes abusive source of power was its regal legacy and the emollient properties of the state. For the most part, it was prosperous and progressive. Austrian constitution: It disregarded the diversity of the nation and primarily functioned on political prompts that were intended for united countries. Karl Lueger: He was a charismatic mayor of Vienna who integrated socialism, anti-Semitism, Catholicism, and controversial politics. Socialists and Catholics: These were popular political parties in the imperial parliament who objected to secession and partitioning. Both wanted extreme reforms in social order and economic agenda, and often criticized the aristocracy. Archduke Francis Ferdinand: He was very oppressive of the Hungarians and sympathetic towards southern Slavs. This sentiment would initiate an impending eruption of Slavic discontent. Outline I. Main Facts and Events: A. 1860: The Hapsburg Monarchy was defeated by the combined armies of the French and the Piedmontese and had been obliged to abandon its richest province: Lombardy, in the Po Valley. B. 1866: Austria was attacked by the rival Prussian Army and decisively defeated. C. 1867: Austria ceased to be either a German or Italian power. D. After 1866: internal changes were necessary, and so, the dual-monarchy was created, by establishing a state within Austria, known as Hungary, and ruled by the Magyar people, done officially in 1867. II. Relationship(s): A. Lafore makes the connection between the multi-nationality of Austria-Hungary, and the way in which this fueled the war. He says that because Austria was so diverse, and consisted wholly of minorities, the other nations didn’t view Austria as a nation, or take them seriously, and this lack of recognition influenced Austria’s dislike of the other powers and drove them into the arms of a German alliance whereupon Germany pushed them into war. B. Lafore also brings up the fact that because of the dual-monarchy, decision making was extremely slow, and therefore affected how soon, or in actuality, how long it took for Austria- Hungary to decide to declare war. III. National Perspectives: A. The other Great Powers in Europe, because of Austria’s multi-nationality, didn’t view Austria as a nation, because it â€Å"consisted of the anomalies† that made the other powers uncomfortable. B. In Austria, there wasn’t one single national view, or actual national pride, because of the wide diversity; each group within itself, however, was very nationalistic, basing political affiliation upon nationality. C. Although the Magyars rose up and were granted their own state, not every other nationality was like that; many were content to be included in Austria, and didn’t feel the need to push for their own state. IV. Main Facts and Events with Dates: 1870 the change of the Habsburg Monarchy to the Dual Monarchy of A-H. V. Relationship of events to causes of WWI as identified by Lafore: A. Lafore contributed the declaration of war on Serbia by Austria-Hungary as the main cause of the outbreak of WWI. B. The declaration of war followed the declining of the ultimatum as a response to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. C. Franz Ferdinand was assassinated because his views on the unification of all Serbs into A-H and creating a Tri-Monarchy. D. This was such a problem because the Serbs in A-H were very discontent with their position because they were bullied and oppressed by the Magyars, and wished to be reunited with Serbia. Which can all be traced from this section with the stating of nationalities and their relationships with the others. VI. Characterization of varying national perspectives, alliance shifts, etc. A. This section gives light to the nationalities and their problems in A-H 1. The majority of nationalities were subject to oppression by those of higher intelligence like the Magyars and the Germans. 2. The majority of nationalities were Catholic, and Rome was in A-H so they felt obliged to be loyal to A-H for that fact. 3. The Magyars took control of the Dual Monarchy to make all their wishes true at the expense of all the other nationalities. VI. Strength of Austria Hungary A. Problems 1. Problems always existed in Southeastern Europe 2. Greeks and Serbs win independence 3. Clashing political ideaologies; liberals, Catholics B. Religious differences between Austria and Turkey 1. Balkans were more willing to be ruled by Christians; Turkey was Muslims 2. Identifies Austria as the defender of Christianity C. Prosperity 1. Development of light industry and trade a. creates wealth b. auses divisions between industrious west and agrarian east 2. Several problems with industry a. Hungary was agrarian; bread basket b. Austria was industrious i. strengthens the divide between Magyars and Germans c. New parties were created i. already bad implementation of democracy ii. 22 political parties iii. allows nationalism and religion to dominate the country Chapter 3 Main Argument 1. The unification of Germany in 1871 greatly altered the balance of power in Europe. Bismarckian diplomacy broke down soon after Bismarck’s dismissal in 1890, however it allowed for Germany’s strong alliance with Austria. Two crises demonstrated the fragility of the Three Emperor’s League, first one in 1875 when Bismarck became alarmed by the revival of the French from the defeat five years earlier and seemed to be planning another war, and the second in 1876 during the revolution against the Turkish rule. Russians declared war on Turkey, but they were accused of illegal action and summoned before a court by the Powers. The Russians helped with the creation of Great Bulgaria, hoping that the Bulgars will later on be thankful to them and allow them access to Constantinopole and the Straits. The Russians establishment at the gate of Constantinople, and on the shores of the Aegean was a threat to Austria. Bismarck believed that the Balkans could cause trouble to anyone who controlled them, and Germany’s interest should be in maintaining good relations with both Russia and Austria to make sure they stay in the majority of three great powers. Milan Obrenovich proposed to sell Serbia to the Habsburg Monarchy, if the transaction would’ve occurred, the Monarchy would have included the majority of the Southern Slavs and would be in position of dominance. Because both Austria and Germany required peace and the maintenance of existing boundaries, and both had the achieve them through treaties to bind their friends and neutralize their enemies they were able to form a successful alliance based on their similar goals. Germany feared the attack by France, Austria feared all their neighbors and their alliance formed a diplomatic bloc, and a very impressive military unity. Addition of Italy to the Austro German Alliance was very significance, and Italy’s reasons for joining were based on domestic political concerns. 2. The creation of the Bulgarian state upset the balance Europe had achieved in the 1880s. The German prince atop the Bulgarian throne lost popularity by attempting to control Bulgaria, annex Eastern Rumelia, and destroy Serbia. He was forced to abdicate and replaced by another German prince. Russia, angered, disrupted the Three Emperor’s League. France and Russia swore a secret alliance, at the time where Russia attempted to industrialize. Main People J Otto von Bismarck The Chancellor of Germany, he oversaw the unification in 1871 and dominated its affairs until his dismissal in 1890 J Milan Obrenovich The Prince of Serbia, had a suspicion that the Serbs wanted to assassinate him, he preferred to live in Vienna and offered to sell Serbia to the Habsburg Monarchy Outline 1. Bismarck dismissed, 1890 a. Bismarckian diplomacy broke down; system of alliances faltered b. Bismarck’s Europe had Germany surrounded by allies c. Bismarck says, â€Å"Don’t get involved in the Balkans† 2. Turkey was the Sick Man of Europe 3. Reinsurance Treaty, 1887 (Russia, Germany would remain neutral in wars involving one or the other), contradicted the Austrian Alliance 4. Franco-Russian Alliance, 1894 B. Causes of WWI 1. Combination of Wilhelm’s inexperience, Russia’s greed caused them to clash over the Balkans 2. Bulgarian creation and monarchial maintenance; Russia angry at Germans, Bulgarians 3. Austro-Hungarian composition; its existence as not one nation state C. Characterization 1. After Bismarck’s dismissal, the â€Å"balance of power† set up by Bismarck’s careful alliances, fell apart 2. Britain did not see the need for Germany to get involved in the Balkans 3. Bismarck specifically said that Germany should not get involved in the Balkans 4. Wilhelm’s inexperience caused Russia and France to become closer as allies Chapter 4 Main Argument 1. It was Germany’s principal interest to assure the isolation of France and in 1894 this objective was defeated by the Franco-Russian Alliance. Germany was a federal empire restricted in its powers. The King of Prussia was also German Emperor. Reichstag was authorized to approve or reject new taxes. The monarchy and a great many private citizens were making a proud connection between the imposing military reputation of Prussia and the welfare. The chancellor, faced with the opposition of powerful opponents in the Reichstag, was given to invoking patriotism and the glory of the army in order to induce voters to vote for the right parties. The Daily Telegraph episode was a public scandal that shook German confidence in the throne. Germany, the greatest military power in Europe in 1871, was by 1914 the leading industrial power. The Navy League was influential, and the Pan-Germanists and the racists were not in any way peculiarly German phenomena. France and Russia were regarded as Britain’s neutral enemies, Britain and Germany were traditionally friendly, and Prussia and Britain had fought together in the two greatest wars of British history- the Seven Years War and the Napoleonic War. Germany had supplied Britain’s dynasty and most of its rulers’ consorts, and the German Empress was a British princess. Germany’s potential enemies, the French and the Russians occupied Egypt in 1882. Germany but not Great Britain possessed a large army and if the British wanted an alliance, they were welcome to join the Triple Alliance. The British had no interest in Germany’s Continental rivalries, the secret commitment of the Triple Alliance. 2. One of the main points that Lafore is making in this passage concerns the fact that the encirclement of Germany was caused due to the increasing closeness of British and French relations and to an extent the Russians, as well as Italy straying from the Triple Alliance. In order to break these relations, Germany created a crisis, the Moroccan Crisis, in order to try to force Britain to publicly abandon the French. This only caused a strengthening in Anglo-French affairs since in the Algeciras conference that followed the crisis, the two countries banded together with Italy against Germany for oppressing Moroccan independence. The naval disputes between Germany and Britain also helped alienate the two since they posed alarm and threats to one another. The Triple Entente also came about when an Anglo-Russian Agreement was signed which also strengthened the encirclement around Germany, but was viewed lightly since they Germans did not believe it could last very long. The geographical encirclement of Germany with these new diplomatic relations, did not cause the war but it did represent a breakdown of German relations with the British and Italians which left Germany with only one weaker potential ally. Main People 1. Friedrich von Bernhardi Wrote â€Å"Germany and the Next War† 2. William II An arrogant and foolish autocrat 3. Heinrich von Treitschke Historian with armed conquest and the military virtues. 4. HolsteinaGerman Foreign Office director was a Memphis-tophelean figure, who retired in 1909, left a mark on German policy. 5. Protector of Islam Saved the British from defeat in South Africa. 6. Theophile Delcasse French foreign minister that was forced to resign. 7. Chancellor von Bulow German Chancellor who arranged the Moroccan crisis. 8. Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz Secretary of the German Navy- alarmed the British with his plan for German advance in navy. 9. Edward VII New successor to the English throne who disliked Germany and his German relatives and was fond of the Paris of the gilded age. He exerted strong influence to secure the appointment of pro-French and anti-German diplomats to important posts and in theForeign Office. He represented the Francophilia arising in England. Main Events 1. Germany’s main goal was to isolate France –In 1894, this goal was shut down b/c of the Franco-Russian alliance 2. Devised by Bismarck in 1866 – intended to permit the Chancellor to neutralize his domestic enemies, facilitate Germany unification by bribing its opponents w/political favors 3. In 1871, Germany was the greatest military power. By 1914, Germany was the leading industrial power 4. 1894 – Germany was faced with the diplomatic combination of France and Russia. Franco Russian alliance would not be fatal in a war if GB remained neutral. Russia were regarded as Britain’s natural enemies, Britain and traditionally friendly and Prussia and Britain had fought together greatest wars of British history 5. 1901-Queen Victoria dies. France and Germany were in the two 6. Edward VII takes over from Queen Victoria in 1901. When he took over, he exerted a strong influence so as to secure the appointment of pro-French and anti-German diplomats to important posts abroad and in the Foreign office. 7. Francophilia started spreading throughout the British cabinet, starting with Edward VII as a result of his changes to the cabinet. 8. Franco-British relationships began improving after Edward took over, and a diplomatic agreement was reached in 1904 in which France recognized and accepted British occupation of Egypt and the British recognized the French interest in Morocco. 9. In 1900, the French allowed the Italians to take Libya, and the Italians allowed France to take Morocco. 10. When the triple entente was renewed in 1902, both Italy and France agreed to remain neutral if either side was attacked by another power. 11. Germany saw the potential for an alliance between Britain and France, and wanted to prevent this in order to preserve the Triple alliance. 2. Von Bulow forced the German emperor to meet with the Sultan while he was on a cruise in the Mediterranean, so as to test the alliance between Britain and France. The visit itself showed German indication to protect Morocco against Frenchdesigns. 13. A conference was called in Berlin to consider French violations in regulating its position of power in Morocc o which met in Algeciras in January 1906. When the conference ended three months later, the result was France being recognized ashaving special rights, and therefore allowed to organize The Moroccan police and finances. 4. 1897: The first German navy bill was passed, which provided for the construction of 19 powerful German battleships to be built over a period of 5 years. This, along with Alfred von Tirpitz’s â€Å"risk theory† would create a threat against the British which showed the German defiance of Britain. 15. The British building of the Dreadnought was further cause for the naval rivalry forming between the two nations. 16. The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war subtracted it from the ranks of the Great powers in 1905. 17. The Anglo-Russian agreement was signed in August, 1907. B. Causes of WWI 1. If the Germans had chosen Russia as an alliance, instead of Austria, then French and Austria would have formed an alliance and the encirclement would have been more real 2. Strengthened Franco-British relations in the early 20th century would spurn alliances and turn Germany into a common threat for both nations. 3. The Anglo-German maritime rivalries that began to arise in the early 20th century would serve to raise British alarm against Germany and deteriorate Anglo-German relations. 4. The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war would give way for the Anglo-Russian agreement, which would seal the fate of encirclement for Germany in the upcoming war. With three of the great powers allied, little actions which would spurn Germany to go to war, would essentially cause the other three nations to go to war as well. C. Characterization 1. Politicians in Russia, France, and Great Britain stressed the intentions and legitimate interests of their own countries, friends, and allies. 2. No clear line btwn the spheres of the executive authority and the parliament 3. Germany’s potential enemies, the French and the Russians a most impotent = the French 4. Edward VII was a powerful Francophile as well as anti-German who made it his duty to spread his ideals in the British office when he took over to appoint diplomatswhich shared his views as well. This would come to alter to decisions and nationalistic views in the decade before the outbreak of war. With the new changes in perspective of Britain, a French alliance did not seem too far off, as it did say a decade before. 5. Both Britain and France began seeing Germany more and more as a threat, and this strengthened the alliance between the two. 6. Germany wanted to prevent a Franco-British alliance at any cause, and tried to do so by provoking the Moroccan crisis. The Purpose of the crisis was to get the British to publicly abandon the French, as well as to show an awesome display of German power and prestige in world affairs. 7. With the German failure in the First Moroccan crisis, Germany became more encircled than before, with France and Britain now standing together against German interests as well as the breakdown of Anglo-German relations. 8. The naval rivalry that was forming between Britain and Germany would give rise to alarm within both nations, which was seen through the reation of alarmist pamphlets and schools in both nations which somewhat demonized the other. This would only serve for Anglo-German relations to deteriorate further. 9. With the defeat of the Russians in the Russo-Japanese war, Germany became more threatening to Britain as it now no longer had to fear an eastern enemy, and this gave rise for a revo lution in Anglo-Russian relations. 10. Because Germany could no longer count on the neutrality of the Great powers in the event of war, Germany sought to reach an understanding with Turkey. Chapter 5 Main Argument From pages 141-151, Lafore examines Serbians role leading up to war and how it impacted other nations. Lafore argues that Serbian involvement, beginning with the assassination of their King is what eventually kick started the string of events followed by Austrian involvement and then German actions leading to the outbreak of World War I. Some Serbian events that Lafore argues impacted the war are the assassination of their king, Austro Russian affairs in Serbian government, European involvement in Macedonia, The Pig War, Montenegro, and the Yugoslav Club. All of these events made up the beginnings of the downward spiral in the order of Europe eventually leading to war. From P. 152-161: The Bosnian crisis brought Europe closer to the brink of war. Russia and Austria became enemies because each had competing claims for territory and influence in the Balkans. Austria wanted to stop its slow decline and preserve its status as a great power by taking more belligerent action in the Balkans. On the other hand, the Russians wanted to show they were still powerful, after their defeat by Japan, by trying to gain more influence in the Balkans. Russia and Austria almost went to war and the resulting peace confrence exacerbated the tensions and divides between the Central powers and the Triple Entente. From P. 165-179: The Turkish Revolution of 1908 is an attempt to once again revive the Ottoman empire, overthrowing the tyrannical Sultan Abdul Hamid in order to eliminate corruption in gov’t but has failed. The Great Powers still continue to weigh in affairs and corruption remains. The Balkan states seize opportunity to liberate the minorities under Turkish rule. Russia is the main supporter for these minorities and wants to take an offensive battle against Turkey so that it can gain warm water ports in Black Sea, wanting to elevating its dominance in Europe and increasing trade. Rebellions take place in 1912 (further degrading the Ottoman empire) which poses an opportunity for the Balkan states to attack. These events start the first Balkan war and the now independent countries take hold of the majority Turkish territory besides Constantinople. The Bulgarians are given very little compensation and Serbs expand which the Hagsburg empire detests. From 179-187: The Bosnian Crisis was a crisis with critical effects that set into motion events that would have an immediate effect on the coming of World War One. Lafore argues that the Bosnian Crisis begins military planning between Austria-Hungary and Germany in which Germany becomes more supportive of Austria-Hungary because of the rise of Slavdom and the encirclement of Germany. Germany was looking to solidify its alliances as its military position became direr. Also nationalist groups in Serbia begin to form such as the Black Hand and The People’s Union. These groups will be responsible for mounting tensions between the Serbians and the Austro-Hungarians. Main People Young Turks: secular revolutionaries who wanted to revive the Ottoman empire by reform in gov’t New Russian Foreign Minister: want Russia to a protector again. Encourages the Serbs to nationalize and provide offensive against Turkey. Archduke Francis Ferdinand: wanted to unite the Slavs together against the dislike of the Magyars. Poincare: He is the PM and Foreign Minister of France in 1912. He wanted a general war with Germany in order to gain Alsace Lorraine back. Conservative and nationalist figure. His policies are urged by revenge. Outline I. The Bones of a Pomeranian Grenadier a. June 1903= Serbian officers assassinated their king and queen i. Lafore uses language to suggest that the assassination was very messy and in turn upset the entire balance of events in Europe ii. Assassination ending up effecting the Austrian state which in turn effected the German army which in turn effected what mattered to mankind b. Serbia i. Serbia very rural population; capital=Belgrade ii. House of Karageorgevich=Prince Peter scion in 1903 ii. Prince Peter=elderly intelligent man who lived in exile iv. Other house was House of Obrenovich=occupied the throne through King Alexander II=young man of indifferent talents, doubtful morals, and bad political judgement v. His wife caused much hatred from the population 1. Lafore uses sharp language to describe the disposition of her in the public eye vi. Kings throne not secure=dependent upon Austrian support and fr iendship with the Russians Group Outline—Pages 141-204: 18â€Å"The Long Fuse† Group Outlines Ms. Johnson 2010-2011 ii. Alexander attempted to please both the liberal and radical party=led to contradictions of himself in governmental opinions; Liberals eventually turned against him viii. Russians supported radical and Austrians supported Liberals c. Austro-Russian affairs i. Austria attempted to persuade Russia that neither of them should meddle in Serbian affairs that put them at a disadvantage ii. Austrian Foreign Minister Agenor von Goluchowski suggested that Austria could eventually annex smaller nations and Russia could do the same iii. Russia declined this proposal but signed an agreement to maintain the exsisting order of things d. Russian Foreign Minister Count Lamsdorf assured Austria that they were too busy with eastern affairs to be involved in Serbian relations i. At the same time, Russia remained quietly involved in Serbia and supporting the Radicals e. The quiet Austro-Russian affairs benefited the new Serbian government i. The new Serbian government was very much hostile, radical, and revolutionary ii. Peter Karageorgevich was brought in and installed as the new ing=promised to maintain a good relationship with his neighbors as long as he was supported iii. Government needed to be nationalistic if it was to stay in power=started to depend on Russia and created Austrophobia f. Macedonia was in great need of reform i. Serbia too control and hoped for Russian support ii. Russians to busy in the East to give proper support g. Mursteg Punctation i. Accepted by Ottoman government; allowed for policing of Macedon ia by major powers h. Russia was defeated in the far east i. They hurt themselves even more by continuing to meddle in Serbian affairs and eing unwilling to cooperate with Austria ii. Supported Rusphile Nikola Pashitch as Prime Minister iii. Relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in declining spiral i. The Pig War and the Rise of Pan-Serbism i. Serbia tied commercially to the Austro Hungarian empire=not economically good for Serbia ii. Serbia attempted to end this dependence=first major sep was signing of customs treaty with Bulgaria in 1905 iii. Austrian responded in 1906 by stopping all Serbian livestock imports iv. Led to struggle called the Pig War which lasted five years with short interruptions; he Austrians were determined to show the Serbs they had more power and Serbia was determined to be economically free j. Serbia took their markets elsewhere i. They succeeded and actually gained more revenue than before the Pig War making them extremely confident ii. Serbian succe ss greatly surprised and angered the Austrians iii. It create a divide in their monarchy and made them upset because they believed tat a greater Serbia would be harmful iv. Austria in turn made the Serbs excessively sensitive to trade routes v. Serbia wanted a railroad straight to the Adriatic sea as a direct ommercial outlet but Austria opposed it Montenegro became a Serbian enemy i. After once being an ally of Serbia, Montenegro became an enemy=Serbia attempted to murder their Prince ii. Prince Nicholas had made himself unpopular with his own people iii. Montenegro suspected Serbia and informant from the Serbian Ministry of War gave them information that confirmed these suspicions iv. Incident showed extremes Serbs were willing to go to push for South Slav Liberation Yugoslav Club i. One of many nationalist societies beginning to flourish in Serbia ii. The only reason these groups effected Austro-Serb relations was the Pig War and pan-Serb impact on the monarchy iii. Two meetings of Slav politicians at Fiume and Zara demanding full rights of self- government for Austrian Slavs and to end the dual system that enabled Magyars to oppress them iv. Vienna government began to contemplate extreme measures v. Extreme measures were about to be taken and the lesson was learned that there was no point wasting time in economic affairs vi. The long Bosnian crisis began in the autumn of 1908=illuminated the existing tensions and realities and produced new ones